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In general the conception was formulated in 1995 and today we can say that the concept of physical vacuum, which is a new source of energy, finds more and more supporters. The fundamental works about nature of "zero point energy" are published, for example, Andrew D. Sakharov, Hal T. Puthoff and many other interesting works. It is clear now that space or "physical vacuum" has its internal structure, therefore it can be used as a new source of energy if we organize the process of changing of this structure. Moreover, according to some theories, the existence of reality (i.e. the World of some certain parameters of space and time) is defined by the function of probability of energy density. For example, Dr. Nassikas, Greece, proves that it is not possible to consider the space without its energy, and there is no space without energy. The internal structure of reality is coexistence of two forms: gravitational energy and electromagnetic energy. Any local increase of the first one should produce decrease of the second one, so the sum amount of the change is zero.

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11

New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

Alexander V. Frolov, Russia

Faraday Laboratories Ltd

http://www.faraday.ru, tel/fax 7-812-3803844

In general the conception was formulated in 1995 and

today we can say that the concept of physical vacuum,

which is a new source of energy, finds more and more

supporters. The fundamental works about nature of

"zero point energy" are published, for example,

Andrew D. Sakharov [1], Hal T. Puthoff [2] and many

other interesting works. It is clear now that space or

"physical vacuum" has its internal structure, therefore

it can be used as a new source of energy if we organize

the process of changing of this structure. Moreover,

according to some theories, the existence of reality (i.e.

the World of some certain parameters of space and

time) is defined by the function of probability of energy

density. For example, Dr. Nassikas, Greece [3], proves

that it is not possible to consider the space without its

energy, and there is no space without energy. The

internal structure of reality is coexistence of two forms:

gravitational energy and electromagnetic energy. Any

local increase of the first one should produce decrease

of the second one, so the sum amount of the change is

zero.

In some other articles about energy transformation

processes (gravitational form of energy into

electromagnetic heat radiation of mass, for example)

we can find that both increase of entropy and the

inverse processes (decrease of entropy) are possible

and in this case the electromagnetic energy can be

converted into the gravitational form, that is shown in

details in the works of Nobel laureate I. Prigozhin, Order

and Haos. Man's new dialog with Nature, London,

1984. Since the direction of time (the time course) and

direction of the entropy change (increase or decrease)

are related notions then free energy technologies are

considered by Kozyrev as methods of practical

application of natural time course [4] that is presented

in aether-dynamics by Frolov as aether flow of some

density and this aether density determines the time

rate as hardness of cause-effect connections for any

process, and also for the process of existence of matter

in space-time of this aether density.

According to this theory, in any point of space it is

possible to get power by means of energy

transformations without any consumption of mass-fuel.

We can say also that in this case some change of the

energy density of space should be detected.

Let's clarify some determinations:

1. The Potential (lat. Potentia that means "force").

In physics this is scalar parameter, it's gradient

expresses the intensity of field of a certain force. In

common sense, the potential is possibilities, which

exist for execution of some task, for completion of some

work.

2. The Work is a quantitative parameter of energy

transformations. The transformation means here

change of form.

3. The Energy (Greek "Energie" means "action,

activity") is a quantitative characteristic for different

forms of motion.

4. The Power is amount of work per unit of time.

According to the given determinations by The Soviet

Encyclopedic Dictionary, edition of 1988, Moscow, the

fact of presence of potential (scalar) field, for

example, electrical or gravitational filed, is real

possibility to produce some work if we can organize

change of energy forms. Let's note that power source

is not required to keep the potential field in force. It

is free.

...the potential (scalar) field can produce real

work!

The example of this work, which is produced by the

field: body falls in gravitational field and when it strikes

on the ground then some part of its potential energy is

transformed to heat, that is the work as transformation

of energy forms. So, there is a conclusion: the potential

(scalar) field can produce real work! But we have

considered only a half of cycle and in classical case in

the second half of the cycle it will be necessary to

produce the same work against the field to raise the

body to the initial point.

Let's formulate the task to produce the work

periodically and to get the power in load from this

process. Usual mistake is to accept the particular case

(the same body returns back in the same field) as a

single possible case. But in special case changes of

the system are possible, for example, the field intensity

is not a constant but some variable value (alternating

or pulsing), or the body changes its own parameters.

In this case in each of half-cycle of the process the field

can produce real positive work to accelerate the body.

The main technological solutions are obvious: it is

necessary to create gradient of field in space (full or

partial screening of trajectory of the body, which is

moving in the field) or gradient of field in time (pulsing

mode of field). This is quite easy for electric and

magnetic fields, but for system, which uses

gravitational field to produce the work, we can assume

changes of parameters of the body only.

12 New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

It is possible to understand why professional physicists

dislike the question about possibility to use scalar

(potential) fields to produce useful work in a load since

they think about The Law of Energy Conservation. To

find mutual understanding it is necessary "to upgrade"

this Law for 4-dimentsional case of real physical

system. It is necessary to introduce the notion of the

structure of space-time where the considered process

is created. In other words, for real practical engineering

tasks it is necessary to consider space-time of the real

process but not an abstract space-time. Usually the

energy density of technical processes is small in

comparison with natural energy density of space

(aether density), which is a result of real astrophysical

processes, i.e. motion of planet, star, galaxy. If we

discover structure of this real rhythm of the space-time

of our planet then we'll be able to design it in our

technical devices to use aether-dynamics as theoretical

basis.

So, in orthodox physics there is the unchallengeable

formulation: the work of potential field on closed

trajectory of motion is equal to zero. Yes, it is right for

only case: if one part of work is positive (the

acceleration) and another part is negative (the

deceleration). But one part of the trajectory or a part

of periodic process with the negative work can be

excluded by different methods: by means of spatial

superposition, pulsing mode and change of interaction

polarity or by the screening of electromagnetic

interaction.

For example, minor changes in vacuum tube design

(the grid is located under cathode) allows increasing

the kinetic energy of electrons and to increase emission

current by means of the potential on the grid only. Also

vector potential of magnetic field or gravitational

potential can be used by similar way.

Fig. 1

Besides this way it is possible to use pulsed mode and

switch-off the primary energy source before the

emission electrons will reach the anode, Fig.2. In this

case there is not the conductivity current between

anode and cathode and the primary source is not

discharging during its work.

Therefore, it is not a news that potential field can

produce real work. In any textbook there are examples

of positive and negative half-cycles that result to zero

net work. But for the case of consequent execution of

two processes the parameters of one of the processes

can be changed, that the work, which is produced on

the closed trajectory can be formed as two or more

parts of positive work. Important aspect is following:

it is necessary to determine the point (moment) of

change the sign of the interaction and at that point

(moment) to change the parameters of the process

accordingly.

Fig. 2

The good sense requires the answer: what is the source

of the power to produce this work if this proposed

concept is right? Let's notice that before the considered

examples, the existence of power interactions of

potential fields must make the same question. For

example, how the ordinary permanent magnet (i.e. its

vector potential) holds a piece of metal making work

against force of gravity without any fuel? How the

potential field can move and accelerate ions, i.e. kinetic

energy of ions can be increased without any fuel? What

provides the forces of elasticity? Let's try to find

answers from consideration of inner structure of electric

and magnetic field, especially let's develop our

understanding of the notion of gradient, which

describe properties of space-time design in area of

this field.

The concept of potential as bi-directional flow of

photons and anti-photons was proposed by English

mathematician E. Whittaker, and then it was developed

by Dr. Thomas E. Bearden [5]. In this concept, the

generalization of the Third Newton's law looks as the

requirement of complementary pair to the process of

the electromagnetic radiation. Since "process" means

a change of information in time, this paired anti-process

is reversed in time. Of course, it is development of

process to its own future, but from our point of view, it

goes from future to past. According to generalized Third

Newton's law the radiation of photon is paired with

anti-photon. In this case, the internal space-time

structure of electric potential field is formed by two

contrary flows of energy: photons spread from charge

source and the anti-photons "inflow" into the charged

mass. Let's notice that this concept defines the

relationship of charge and mass. The charge without

mass does not have any sense.

The flow of energy outgoing from charged mass is

responsible for all phenomena of radiation. Incoming

flow of energy is responsible for the gravitational

interaction. Therefore, the notions "radiation" and

13

New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

"gravitation" can be considered as complementary

pair; that is considered in details in concept of Josef

Hasslberger [6].

...it is impossible to get "something" from

"nothing"

There is a quite correct question: since "something"

can not be created from "nothing" then what and

where will be changing if we create the process of free

power dissipations in local area of our space-time by

means of asymmetrical potential interaction?

Let's try to present a "process" as some change of

"information" in time and from this point we'll get the

conclusion about results of this energy disbalance of

the natural internal structure of potential field: in this

case the entropy process in direct time (heat dissipation

in load) should be balanced with equal anti-entropy

process in reversed time. In other words, the disbalance

is change of the space-time curvature and changes in

the time rate.

So, it is impossible to get "something" from "nothing"

but if we have understanding of the balance (process

in time and anti-process in reversed time) then in the

Universe the 4-dimentsional balance is not violated. It

is assumed here that it is impossible to create one

process but it is possible to create two opposite

balanced processes, and each of them produce real

work in the load. In astrophysical consideration it was

stated in 1964 by Academician Gustav Naan, Estonia,

Tartu. He wrote [7]:

"In our real world we could extract any

amount of energy from vacuum if some

technology provides at the same time the

extracting of the same amount of energy for

anti-world. Total sum value of energy is

equal to zero."

Let's note also that similar conception of "dynamical

zero" was applied in ancient India mathematics, i.e.

"zero" is not "nothing" but it is hidden possibilities

(balance of forces).

One more interesting question appears: what is about

reality of the particle of matter after we have claimed

that its mass-parameters are parameters of certain

process? With this idea the material world as a whole

is certain process and "stability" is not a property of

some object but a parameter of its existence, which

is a process in space-time of some certain energy

density and some certain structure. By analogy the

vortex in liquid is a process but it is not a liquid.

Thereafter, as electron was presented by Shredinger

as wave packet and by Whittaker as function of two

scalar potentials, the old idea of instability or dynamic

structure of matter has the possibility of

experimental testing and development as a

teleportation technology. This idea is technology of

space-time engineering, i.e. creation of the space-time

with some certain parameters where curvature (or

rate of time) determined rate of existence of the matter

in space. It is related with some energy density, which

can be increased or decreased. Since by this way it is

possible to consider any material particle of substance

as certain process, which is balanced by

corresponding time-reversed process, so there is no

theoretical difficulties to develop technologies of

chemical transmutation, materialization,

dematerialization, teleportation etc.

So, the using of potential energy to create a process

of dissipation of power in load does not violates the

Law of Conservation, and this Law can be

generalized: the total energy of four dimensional

system is amount of energy of processes in time and

energy of processes in reversed time, it is constant

and it is equal to zero.

Now let's try to review some free energy projects (the

systems to produce work without consumption of

fuel). Russian Peter the Great had intention to visit

Germany in 1725 to test the Orferius' device. There is

a very old description of "perpetually rotating wheel",

which was made in India by inventor Bhaskar in 1150!

From that times the mind of inventors is developed to

other modern systems but due to the efforts of

scientific groups, which are interested to keep in force

the ideas of primitive materialism, the great idea of

free energy transformation is distorted to such extent

that any person, who began to speak about free

energy, had a chance to get the name of "mad". Why?

The reason is common understanding of the "power",

which is "some work per unit of time" and generally

it can be presented only as result of some

transformation of matter structure, i.e. disintegration,

chemical reaction, nuclear decay, nuclear synthesis

or any change of structure of a matter. In any case, a

material (the firewood, oil products or nuclear fuel) is

considered as the fuel, regardless of its transformation

method.

Some concepts did not consider the fields

(electromagnetic, gravitational and others) as a kind

of matter. So hypotheses, and even successful

experiments on transformation of "non-material" type

of energy in energy of material object (into the work)

were not taken into consideration. The physics is a

study about measurable and tangible quantities. New

measurement methods let us work with a new physical

phenomenon. So, we can see that real situation in

alternative energy is changing due to experimenters

efforts but not from the great theoretical team.

Some time ago the electric energy was not considered

as a material object, but gradually people have been

able to refuse the gas pipes, which were real material

source of power for the gas light lamp, in favor of

electric wires for electrical illumination. In a short time,

I think, it will be possible to refuse the wires and we'll

14 New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

consider the aether (physical vacuum) as unlimited

energy source if we organize the process of

transformation of space-time parameters. It will be

necessary to drop the old conception of "primary source

of power", which should be connected with the

consumer by some method and to develop conception

of free energy source in any place "on-demand".

Let's consider, what the term "free energy" means

today. The energy in general sense means the "ability

of body to produce some work". The energy of closed

system is constant. Certain device can look like

"perpetual mobile", but nobody will be shocked

because the way of energy "inflow" is known. For

example, solar panel battery is obtaining its power from

external source of light. But in general case, 3-

dimensional observer can see nothing similar to the

inflow of energy into the system if multi-dimensional

energy balance is not analyzed. In other words,

"perpetual mobile" is a right name since for its

description it is necessary to use notions of "Time",

"Eternity", "Causality" and other categories, which are

more related with philosophy and religion but not with

modern physics.

The "perpetual mobile idea" is really value to be the

purpose of serious scientific work. In the book "Great

experiments in physics" published by "World", 1973,

Professor G. Lipson wrote: "Joule was the person of a

very practical kind of mind and he was enthusiast of

the perpetual mobile idea". I hope that it is not

necessary to explain here who was Joule. However,

"practicality" of free energy generators is obvious only

for energy customers, but not for energy producers,

who created the centralized system of energy

distribution. This is the main reason of absence of

alternative fuel-less energy systems in the modern

market.

Let's consider the existing classification of "perpetual

mobiles":

1. "Perpetual mobile" of the first kind is a design, which

can "create energy". It is disputable aspect and all

patent offices refuse to consider the patent claim of

such type. They answer that "energy can not be

created or destroyed" but energy can be transformed

from one type into another type.

2. "Perpetual mobile" of the second kind is the collector

of environmental heat. It is not a "thermo-pair" which

uses temperature difference to produce electricity, but

it is the "heat pump". This type of devices works with

negative entropy, or more exactly, with sintropy. The

terminology still is not defined but we can say that in

entropy systems the produced work is equivalent to

the dissipated heat and the work, which is produced

by sintropy systems is equivalent to some absorbed

environment heat.

3. The "perpetual mobile" of the third kind is a

demonstration of perpetual motion without friction. The

analogue is electric current in superconductors.

Development of this idea is creation of systems with

negative friction. In electromagnetic systems it

corresponds to the known cases of the "negative

conductivity", i.e. some electrical circuits in this mode

can generate output power.

Additionally, let's show that "creation of energy" is

possible in theory, for example: two processes of equal

power compensate each other À + Â = 0. Let's assume

that some technology creates another (inverse) process

as: 0 = À + Â i.e. two processes of some power in sum

create zero result. In general principle, also there is

possibility to use many processes balanced situation

as A + B + C + … = 0 and this interesting conception

is known as theory of multipolarity.

Let's consider some quite real (to my mind) examples

from the history of development of free energy

technologies. Nikola Tesla's investigations are not well

known to modern scientists and engineers. In his

works on development of wire-less telecommunication

Tesla used flat spiral coils as a secondary winding of

transformer. The magnetic field of such coil is radial

and it is placed in the plane of the coil. In 1995 the

author of this article experimented with similar flat

spiral coils. I have to claim that when such coil is

operating as secondary winding and the solenoid is

the primary winding of the transformer then we can

measure asymmetrical mutual induction, i.e.

connection of active load (lamp) to output circuit of the

transformer is free from input power in the primary

winding. It is the simplest example of technical

realization of the asymmetrical cause-effect connection,

described by Kozyrev in his theory of active properties

of time.

... "creation of energy" is possible in theory...

Another Tesla's invention is his resonance transformer.

Modern electrical engineering describes transformer

with forced electrical oscillations and radio engineering

considers operation of resonance systems mainly. Tesla

put the question on transformation of power in

resonance transformer and by this way the efficiency

can be more than 100%. With high frequency currents

and high power level Tesla used single-wire terminals

as loads, i.e. the lamps and other single-wire receivers

of power (motors) were powered from high frequency

changing electric field. Such single-wire terminal does

not consume any power from primary source because

it uses the change of potential in point of connection

to conductor (let's note also that for maximum efficiency

this point of connection should be one of the maximums

of standing wave).

The notion about "free vibrations" belongs to Tesla and

this term describes sinusoidal oscillations in electric

circuit that is created after short non-sinusoidal

impulse due to real vibrations of the free electrons.

Resonance mode of the free vibrations can be the real

way to excess power output.

15

New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

Original Tesla's approach to electrodynamics allowed

him to build in 1934 fuel-less car with electromotor,

which was powered from some 12 vacuum tubes

generator of unknown design.

The standing waves of electric field that were

observed by Tesla during thunderstorm brought him

to conclusion about possibility of the system to power

remote energy consumers from energy generator

without any transmission lines and without radiation

methods. He assumed that it is necessary to create

special standing wave of electric potential (or variable

in time electric potential field) around the generator,

then the unlimited number of loads (lamps, motors) in

area of this potential field can be powered if they are

tuned in resonance with oscillations of the generator.

Let's notice that in each receiver the power can't be

more than power of this generator but it is possible to

install many independent "receivers" without mutual

interference.

The modern investigations on these problems sound

as sensation, because Tesla's works are unknown for

the modern generation of scientists. Of course, modern

electronics components and the tools facilities allow

to create real "miracles" in comparison with the past

age experiments. For example, engineer Avramenko

described his work on single-wire power transmission

in Journal of Russian Physical Ideas, 1991, No.2, and

in journal "Inventor and rationalizator" 1992, No. 5, 6.

The light bulb (or ventilator) was used as load of the

single-wire power transmission line. This line can be

made of high resistance material, for example,

tungsten, but the power can be transmitted without

heating of wire! It is possible to say that in this

experiment a wire does not transmit power from the

generator to the load, but the wire is the conductor of

information signal, which is created by polarizational

current opened and described by M. Faraday.

It is not difficult to repeat the experiments with single-

wire line: it is necessary to place two diodes on the

end of a line, which is connected to secondary

windings of high voltage transformer (I used television

set high voltage unit) by such a way that different poles

of the diodes are connected to the line, Fig.3.

Fig.3

Two other poles of diodes create the source of

potential difference (voltage), from what it is possible

to charge the capacitor or to power the load

(luminescent bulb). This diodes scheme is named as

"Avramenko's diodes plug". In my experiments it was

determined that high efficiency mode is resonance

mode in real line and in this case the maximum change

of potential is created in the point of connection of

the "Avramenko's diodes plug". There is well known

formulas to calculate this resonance as quarter-wave

antenna vibrator system. Of course, high frequency

and high potential allow creating high power in the

load. In 2001-2003 New Energy Technologies

magazine have published new experimental results

on single-wire power transmission reported by

research team from Moscow (Prof. Strebkov,

Avramenko, Nekrasov and others). For example, they

built and tested lines from 20 to 100 Kwtt power level!

... the electric potential field can create non-

compensated force in the system and to

produce a work without any power input.

One more well known researcher on the subject of

free energy was Thomas Townsend Brown. He

considered creation of reactionless propulsion force

by means of electric forces only. Ionization is not

considered here! According to his works, the electric

potential field can create non-compensated force in

the system and to produce a work without any power

input. English patent by T. T. Brown #300,311 of

August 15, 1927 describes the method to create

propulsion force and power from electric energy

source only. In this first patent it was claimed that in

ordinary flat electric capacitor (two flat plates and

dielectric between them), which is charged up to

50 kilovolts and more, Brown discovered propulsion

force. This force moves the capacitor to positively

charged plate direction. It is only one of his ideas and

in his other patents of 1930 - 1965 Brown has

described many new methods to create propulsion

force and free power in load by means of electric field

only (scalar potential field as a source!).

... the efficiency of "electric system can be

million to one"

We have to exclude ideas on electrokinetic apparatus

since it is just a reactive method and propulsion force

is result of ionization flow. Especial case is Brown's

idea to create the asymmetry of electrostatic forces

by means of some special form of surface, USA patent

#3187206 of June 1, 1965, application of May 9, 1956

(Fig 4).

The schemes and descriptions by the Brown's patents

are undoubtedly the work of great practical value. As

was mentioned by Brown, the efficiency of "electric

system can be million to one" because the potential

field can produce real work, for example, rotate some

electro generator, but it does not change the primary

source of field.

In 1927 T. Brown demonstrated the devices in Ohio,

later he worked in France. His works in France were

16 New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

stopped and he returned in the USA. Detailed information on his works can be received from descriptions of

patents http://www.soteria.com/brown and from the book "Electrograviticis Systems" by Thomas Valone,

Integrity Research Institute, USA.

Fig. 4

Electrokinetic apparatus by T.T. Brown

17

New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

Besides, there is the simplest example of creation of

real work by means of potential field that is also

resulting from the Brown's works. Usually two plates

of electric capacitor are equal to each other. However,

if one of the plates is small and another one is large

then the electric field between them is not isotropy

field and in this case there is some gradient of intensity

of the field. In such field any dielectrical object, for

example a ball, will be polarized unevenly and due to

this fact some force should make it to be moving aside,

where the field has the greater intensity. I have to note

for mathematicians that since the intensity is "gradient

of potential" then gradient of intensity is the gradient

of the gradient, i.e. it is the second derivative of

potential. This idea is an example of the well-known

rule: the change gives the new quality.

The example of creation of the propulsion force by

means of potential field is also connected with

"perpetuum mobile" task, since conductivity

currents in the capacitor are very small and it almost

does not require power consumption (after being

charged once time) and the system can produce

mechanical work permanently, in this case it is the

work against the gravity force. In general case, if the

design allows asymmetrical energy transformations,

then the surplus output power and reactionless

propulsion force can be created in this system.

Most likely future aerospace systems, which are based

on the electrogravity, are the most perspective

direction of free energy technologies. Why not for the

power engineering? It is clear that now there are some

existing fuel heating systems, heat stations and

power industry to provide by some traditional way

all current needs of the society and due to this fact

the innovation of any free energy technology is related

with hard competition. However, for commercial

programs for cosmos the reactive rockets principles

are not acceptable more. Each satellite during its

operation should produce profit to compensate large

expenses for the rocket-carrier. Only fuel-less

propulsion systems can allow developing space

commercial programs that are new infinite market.

Let's note that the gravitational (reactionless

propulsion) technologies are not related with

cosmodrome and their cost can be quite acceptable

to realize the project with private funds.

... future aerospace systems, which are

based on the electrogravity, are the most

perspective direction of free energy

technologies.

There are some known examples of free energy

systems.

In 1921 The Seattle Times, as well as Denver Post of

August 8, 1921 published the articles about inventions

of Alfred Earl Hubbard. His device included the central

core with coil and eight remote coils placed around

the central core. After primary impulse, the impulses

in all coils were powered and rotating magnetic field

was created in central coil. The power produced in

the central coil was quite sufficient for self-excitation

of the system and for producing of useful work in the

load (motor). The boat and the car with electromotor,

which was powered from the Hubbard's generator,

were demonstrated.

In 1928, Lester Hendershot invented the electric

generator of 300-Watts power. This device was

designed of details used in radio-receiver to get

oscillator (500 kilohertz) and non-inductive coil. Later,

in 1970, William Cooper experimented with non-

inductive bifilar coils. He used induction phenomenon

in the case of zero magnetic component (two-wire

winding or flat spire coil).

The Cooper's USA patent 3610971 of 1971 describes

the principle and the device to create power in

secondary circuit without reaction on primary

circuit, as well as method to get reactionless

propulsion force for aerospace application. Cooper also

has found that specially designed coils can produce

the field, which can not be screened and this field has

some common parameters with the gravitational field.

The gravitation is considered by Cooper as a

polarization of atoms in gravity field of planet. So he

declares in description of his patent: "the electronic

generator… of super high frequency creating the

pulsing electric field of single polarity… acting in

opposite direction to the Earth gravitational field… that

to depolarized the atoms and to release them from the

gravitation".

Fig.5

By the way, the gravitational field itself can be used to

get a power. "Unbalanced wheel" is a well known

design. The weights on the one side of the wheel,

which is rotating in vertical plane, can be organized to

be moving to axis, but on the another side the same

weights can be organized to be shifted from the axis

to the periphery of the wheel. By this way there is some

18 New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

constant shifted center of gravity in the system and it

can be permanently rotating system. One of the

inventors who built such wheel is Hugo R. Fraga,

Havana, Cuba (The Perpetual Motion Mystery.

R.A. Ford, Lindsay Publications Inc., Bradley, IL 60915,

USA, 1987, see Fig. 5).

The earliest information about such systems is dated

of 1150 and the name of inventor is Bhaskar, India. He

used the tangential disposed pipes, which were half-

filled with water. In France (1235-1240) William de

Onnecure demonstrated self-rotation wheel with seven

weights. In Italy (1438) Mariano de Jacopo has built

the system made of eight bars disposed in the plane of

rotation, and the bar can be fold up in the middle like

elbow joint to provide rotation. One of the well-known

and documented events of real demonstration of

perpetual rotation wheel was mentioned in 1620.

Edward Somerset (Second Marquis of Worcester),

author of the book "Century of Inventions", 1963, has

built and tested the wheel of about 4 meters in

diameter, 14 weights of 25 kilograms each. The test of

this machine was organized in London, in witness of

King Karl, Grand Duke Hamilton and Grand Duke

Richmond, and there are files in royal archives about

this test. The descriptions of these and other systems

are published in the book "Perpetual mobiles: past and

present time" by Brodiansky, Moscow,

Energoatomisdat, 1989.

Fig.6

In different idea, which is known from Leonardo Da

Vinchi drawings, lifting of water is produced by the

helical "Archimedes' screw" of small diameter with large

centrifugal acceleration, which reduces weight, but

lowering of water was organized with the screw of other

(large) diameter, so the force of weight is working to

rotate this screw by the weight of the falling water. The

paradox of these systems will be removed if to consider

them as systems of variable topology, as it was done at

the beginning of the present article. Practically, the cycle

is separated here into two processes (the lifting and

falling of mass) in the system with different parameters

(the topology) for the first stage and the second stage

of the cycle, but herewith it is necessary to consider

two different physical systems, not one and the same.

In that case, the classical theory can explain the work

created by potential gravitational field of our planet as

energy exchange between two different systems.

Other well known topic is research projects by John

Searle, i.e. the "Searle's disks" (Fig. 6). It is necessary

to note that the inventor mentioned in his articles anti-

gravitational effect and free energy output also. The

address is: John Searle, 13 Blackburn Lower Strand,

Graham Park Estate, London MW9 5 NG, United

Kingdom.

In several words we can say that rotor makes free

electrons to be displaced to the peripheries of the

system. With sufficient velocity it was mentioned that

there is phosphorescence and ionization around the

disk. It is possible to assume that main effect is based

on well known Lorenz forces and understanding of the

Poynting vector, which is circulating in this system.

The ionization currents are closed through the space

from periphery to the center, and self-rotation of the

disk is provided by the classical Lorenz force, since

the current interacts with magnetic field of the rollers.

In Russian experiments of 1992 Roshin and Godin built

similar system of 7KWtt power output and they claimed

that 100 kg axial force and areas of decreased

temperature in environmental also were detected. Fig.7

demonstrates main parts of the system by Godin and

Roshin.

It is necessary to note that similar anti-gravitational

effects appearing for the case of over-unity operation

were observed by different inventors independently.

For example, in 1990 Floyd Sweet demonstrated his

invention named as "vacuum triode amplifier" VTA.

The barium magnets were pre-conditioned by special

method to be used in special "trigger mode". This "bi-

stable condition of magnet" provides possibility of

transition from one direction of field to another

direction due to the weak control signal, which was

provided from external generator. It is known that if

the material was pre-conditioned by the magnetic

switching of 60 Hz frequency then its control signal

must have the same 60 Hz frequency. A part of output

power was closed to provide feedback and

additionally some power can be used in output coil

for the load. Tom Bearden studied the scheme of

vacuum triode amplifier and confirmed that it

demonstrates the work with negative energy. It means

that the work in the load is connected with use of

negative time. In this negative time, according to

Bearden, the gravity is repulsing force. The

experiments on VTA demonstrated that VTA

decreased its weight according to level of the power,

which is extracted from vacuum. Additionally we can

19

New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

say that permanent magnets and coils of VTA were

self-cooling during operation and the temperature

difference was about 20 degrees in contrast with the

environmental temperature.

One of VTA schemes includes two sets of magnets

4 õ 6 õ 1 inch, placed on two walls of frame. The

attraction is created between them. Output and

controlling coils are located between them. The axes

of output coils are parallel to the magnetic field lines,

but the axis of control coils are placed under 90

degrees angle. The secret of system is the

"conditioning process", which "brings the magnets

to the special condition". It is necessary to create

great number of micro-cracks in the magnet due to

re-orientations of magnetic domains. In such "half-

magnet" the domains get the ability to be orientated

in the same direction in a weak "control" magnetic

field. In fact, they are not domains but large parts of

magnet's material, separated by micro-cracks, that

is to say acoustic domains. Many researchers repeat

Floyd's works. Let's note that arc discharge of

alternating current through magnet barium ceramics

directly can provide the best results of the

"conditioning" process. The coil of "conditioning" is

not necessary in this case. The frequency of

alternating current must be corresponded to the

frequency of the control signal. Thereby, Sweet was

creating the bi-stable solid-state condition of

magnetic substance. The acoustic resonance is the

reason of oscillations with the frequency according

to the control weak magnetic field. Floyd Sweet died

on July 5, 1995 at age of 83 years old. It is known,

that his widow sent the archives to some great

Automobile Corporation.

... the extraction of space energy is result of

transformation of vacuum energy but from

the other hand the energy density in this

case determines so called "time rate"

It is interesting to note again that the magnets of VTA

demonstrated self-cooling during operation, up to 20

degrees difference in comparison with the

environmental temperature. It is one more example of

relation between notion "density of time" and

"energy". We can say that the extraction of space

energy is result of transformation of vacuum energy

but from the other hand the energy density in this case

determines so called "time rate".

Kozyrev's articles [4] on causal mechanics theory and

experiments describe possibility to use "time course

for producing of useful work". Kozyrev introduced

notion "density of time" and he demonstrated

experimentally several methods how to change the

density of time, which depends on irreversible

processes intensity. Powerful "generator" of such

processes is biosphere of our plane and it creates

season and daily changes of the density of time. It is

known that VTA power output also was variable in

different time of day and night. It can be explained by

Kozyrev. Next step in logical development of this idea

is to change notions from the "density of time" to

"density of aether" [10].

Relation between magnet phenomena and aether

circulations was known from the beginning of the

electrodynamics and now we can assume that VTA

was real example of asymmetrical cause-effect

connection, where the hardness of this connection

depends on the density of aether. In this case the

season and daily variation of the aether density are

reason of VTA output power variations. So, we can

make a conclusion: conception of asymmetrical cause-

effect connections should be used as theoretical basis

of all over-unity systems.

Generation of extra power in nonlinear materials (ferrites

and dielectrics) was considered by Nikolay E. Zayev,

Journal of Russian Physical Ideas, #1, 1991. Discovery

was claimed as "Cooling of some dielectrics by

changing electric field with generation of energy",

Russia discovery #32- OT-10159, November 14, 1979;

the inventions were also claimed as "Method of

transformation of heat energy of dielectrics into electric

Fig.7

20 New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

energy", Russian patent claim #3601725/07 (084905),

of June 4, 1983 and "Method of transformation of heat

energy of ferrites into electric energy", Russian patent

claim #3601726/25 (084904), of April 3, 1983. This

theory is not about some transformation of space-time

structure but in any case the practical application of

conversion of environmental heat is very important

because this work is real basis of free energy systems.

In one of Zaev's articles, which were published in

Journal of Russian Physical Ideas, he quoted from

K. Zialkovsky: "If the heat can be transmitted from

cold body to hot body, then it must have enormous

importance, and not only philosophical or scientific,

but also practical importance. The Clausius postulate

is not confirmed in this case. The gravitational force,

as well as other reasons (number of the reasons is

unknown) break this postulate… heat can be

transmitted from cold body to hot body but only as

the result of some exclusive conditions", published

in Russian, "The Second beginning of

thermodynamics", Kaluga, Russia, 1914. So, the

inventor of free energy system should provide this

"exclusive conditions" to organize collection and

transformation of environmental heat in his free

energy system.

Another well-known free energy system is Swiss

electrostatic machine. In spiritual commune

Methernitha, Linden in Switzerland, since 1980

several free energy devices have been generating total

power of 750 kilowatts. From the technical point of

view, these devices are modernized electrophore

generator. Permanent magnets also included into

design of these devices. The machine of 20 cm

diameter produces about 200 watts, and a big

machine has the disk of 3 meters and it produces

about 30 kilowatts, Fig. 8.

Fig.8

One of the modern technical decisions, which are very

close to this Swiss machine is patent USA No. 4897592

by William Hide, January 30, 1990. This device is

"system to generate power from electric field". It is

one more example of work, which can be produced

by potential field, in particularly by means of electric

field that can be used as free source of power. The

energy (the potential energy) is the possibility to

produce work and the power is a work per unit of time,

i.e. it is a process. The properly organized process,

for example acceleration of rotor in Hide's machine,

uses the potential field on the part of positive work

(acceleration) and the author of the patent provides

meta screen on the part of the trajectory, where the

field decelerates the rotor.

... it is "perpetuum mobile" and it can not

be patented even if it really works!

One more example is Reed's motor, which uses energy

of permanent magnets. By the description of 1991 it

is made of four disks (two immovable discs and two

rotating discs), and eight magnets are placed on them.

Howard Johnson used similar method, USA patent

#4151431, Fig.9

Fig.9

21

New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

Journal "Science & Mechanics" of 1980 describes this

invention. Hovard filled the application in 1973 but

he has got the confirmation only in 1979! The reason

of delay is very clear: it is "perpetuum mobile" and it

can not be patented even if it really works! Johnson

found clear and simple description of generation of

power in his device and explained it as "extraction of

power from inner energy of electron spin in

ferromagnetic material".

From text of his description it follows that USA patent

#4,151,431 of April 24, 1979, "Permanent magnet

motor", author Howard R. Johnson, application

#422,306 December 6, 1973 was developed from the

prototype that is USA patent #4,074,153 of 1978, class

of international classification Í02Ê 41/00Å:

"The invention is directed to the method of utilizing the

unpaired electron spins in ferromagnetic and other

materials as a source of magnetic fields for producing

power without any electron flow as occurs in normal

conductors, and to permanent magnet motors for

utilizing this method to produce a power source. In the

practice of the invention the unpaired electron spins

occurring within permanent magnets are utilized to

produce a motive power source solely through the

superconducting characteristics of a permanent magnet

and the magnetic flux created by the magnets are

controlled and concentrated to orient the magnetic

forces generated in such a manner to useful continuous

work, such as the displacement of a rotor with respect

to a stator. The timing and orientation of magnetic forces

at the rotor and stator components produced by the

permanent magnets to produce a motor is accomplished

with the proper geometrical relationship of these

components."

...conception of asymmetrical cause-effect

connections should be used as theoretical

basis of all over-unity systems.

It is reported that functioning Johnson's model produced

about 5 kilowatts power free of any primary source of

energy. Let's note that Johnson writes in his patent

about permanent magnet as about system with "super

conductive parameters". The currents of electrons in

permanent magnet are manifestation of real

superconductivity and for this case it is not necessary

to provide the cooling for zero ohmic resistance.

Moreover, the "resistance" must be negative since the

magnet could save and renew its magnetized condition.

Thereby, any permanent magnet is the example of

perpetuum mobile of the third kind on the micro level.

Also we can say the same about each atom.

Also, let's note that in general case motion (rotation)

can be created due to the discussed above gradient of

field, which in Johnson's device is result of asymmetry

in "rotor-stator" system. By the similar way the gradient

of velocity of airflow above and below wing creates the

gradient of pressure and this fact produces great lifting

power in airplanes.

Fig.10

Well-known variant of permanent motor-generator is

Adams motor, Fig.10. The rotor with radial orientated

(the same pole outward) permanent magnets is

rotating and creating inducted currents in stator coils,

which are placed around rotor in the plane of rotation.

From the point of traditional electrical engineering,

any motor-generator without closed magnet flux is

not high efficient device. However, exactly open

magnetic flux of the Adams motor allows to take off

power without deceleration of the rotor. We can

assume that in this case phenomenon of

electromagnetic induction is not important but in this

design there is magnetic induction only, i.e.

magnetization and demagnetization of cores in the

field of the moving magnet. It is a perfect analogy

with phenomena of electric induction that is

"electrization by influence". Similar "magnetization

by influence" differs from electromagnetic induction

and secondary magnetic field in winding of generator

is not related with deceleration of the rotor. Robert

Adams works with Harold Aspden under patenting

of their system. Adams is more than 70 years old but

from our correspondence with him we can say that

he is going to build demonstration version of 10 Kwtt

generator.

...any permanent magnet is the example of

perpetuum mobile of the third kind on the

micro level.

There is also special name "alternators" for this class

of devices, which use interruption of magnetic flux,

for example it is the device by USA patent of John

Echlin #4567407.

The experiments to investigate the alternator

principles were organized also by the author of this

article and it was demonstrated that ferrite core of

the generator coil is self-cooling. The simplest

experiment is based on electro motor, which rotates

iron plate and it periodically appears in the gap

between magnet and coil. But it is necessary to note

that change of the flux in the coil area should be

organized by such a way to decrease the flux of the

field in the rapprochement half-cycle and to increase

the flux for the moving off half-cycle. In this case the

22 New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

rotor is accelerated by the secondary field (back-EMF). From 1994 to 2003 several experiments were produced

and main principles were claimed in the patent description, Fig.11.

Fig.11

One more topic is "extraction of power from air" and

Josef Swenson has conducted the series of simple

experiments to develop it. The frequency of natural

pulsations of electric field of planet is about 7.5 Hz

and it is well known from Tesla's age. Swenson

works with frequency 375 kilohertz and antenna of

10 meters. Please, contact for more details: Josef

Swenson 423 North 15th Street, Moorhead, Minnesota

56560, USA. However, everybody remembers from the

school story about simplest electrical experiments by

Lomonosov and Rihman, who investigated arc

discharge in gap between iron wire from a roof

("antenna") and ground wire. Let's include the

resonance circuit "inductance-capacity" and diode

rectifier to get some useful work in the load "from

atmospheric electricity", Fig.12.

Fig.12

In 1900-1930 a lot of articles were published in

technical press about Henry Moray. His demonstration

systems produced more than 50 kilowatts free power

output. It is known that Mr. Yakovlev (from USSR

Foreign Department headed by Mr. Molotov) visited

Morey in November of 1929 in New York to test his

devices. The devices consist of capacitors, coils and

special electronic-vacuum lamps.

In 1990 journal "Magnets", 2 (3) published article,

which describe analogy between Moray's devices and

Hubbard's coils, which can extract power by means of

inner energy of nucleuses of materials if special

resonance is created. In 1978 Cospray Research

Institute has published the well-known book "The Sea

of Energy" by T. N. Moray, in which theory of Moray is

presented most completely.

RQM Raum-Quanten-Motoren Corporation

(Schmiedgasse 48, CH-8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland,

fax 41-55-2125209) offers for free energy devices of

different power level: RQM 25 kilowatt and RQM

200 kilowatt. The principle of work is based on an

invention by Oliver Crane and his theory. Web site

http://www.rqm.ch. But I have to note that in present

time they are developing capitalization of the company

23

New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

mainly (actives are above 650 million dollars) than

innovation of the new technology.

One more historical example: in 1925-1945, Hans Koler

demonstrated his free energy devices. The system was

built in Germany and it produced 60 kilowatts of free

power. The description includes six permanent

magnets and coils, which were superposed in plane of

hexagon form. Each magnet is core of the coil.

Another interesting topic is unipolar induction effect,

which is well-known from Faraday. This effect creates

electro motive force (EMF) in rotating disk if axial

magnetic field is applied to the disk. One of the well-

known practical developments in this area is device

by Bruce de Palma. In 1991 he has published the results

of his tests, from which it follows that deceleration of

the rotor due to back EMF in the case of unipolar

induction is less than in traditional electro generators.

So output power of system can exceed the power,

which is necessary to rotate the rotor.

Really, motion of electrons in magnetic field, which is

perpendicular to plane of rotation, is the reason of the

Lorenz force and this force acts in radial direction that

can not be the reason of deceleration. Indian research

on this topic is developing by P. Tewari. In New

Zealand there is research group headed by Dr. Ashley

Gray. In 1994 the leader of Japanese market MITI

published report about progress in 40 KWtt unipolar

generator, which uses superconductors for its

electromagnets. The interest of Japan to alternative

energy projects can be explained by the position of

Japan on fuel market.

There is a well known rule: Demand is related with

Proposals. It is easy to imagine the prospects of local

introducing of free energy systems in one or several

countries, if some producers of product will be able to

exclude expenses on electricity and fuel from cost sales.

Other countries of their own rich natural resources (for

example, oil) will be in problematic position on the new

international market, mainly due to the fact that their

industry and transport are oriented to conversion and

consumption of oil fuel that increase the cost of all

products.

... increase of the spark gap produces more

surplus power in the load of the circuit.

One more modern free device was invented by Wingate

Lambertson, USA. In his device free electrons get the

additional energy passing through the number of thin

metal-ceramic composed layers. The units were

designed by the authors and each unit can generate

1600 watts, and it is possible to connect them in parallel.

The address of author: Dr. Wingate Lambertson, 216 83rd

Street, Holmes Beach, Florida 34217, USA.

Especially the researches on free energy with plasma

processes should be noted here. In 1980-1990 Alexander

Chernetsky, Yury Galkin and others have published the

results of experiments on creation of "self generated

discharge" SGD. The electric arc was placed

consecutively into secondary circuit of electromagnetic

transformer and it produces real increase of power in

load and reduction of consumption power in primary

circuit of transformer. The author of the present article

produced simplest experiments to investigate the arc

(electric discharge) in electric circuits and possibility

to create the mode of "negative resistance" in this

circuit was confirmed. One of the effects was

demonstrated in 1996 during the conferences "New

Ideas in Natural Science", St.-Petersburg.

Adjusting parameters of arc (distance between two

electrodes) it is possible to see that consumption

current is decreasing until zero and then it can change

its direction i.e. this system begins to generate

the power. During similar experiment of 1971 by

Dr. Chernetsky substation transfor mer in Moscow

Aviation Institute was destroyed in result of strong

"reversed current" impulse, which exceeded consumed

power in 10 times more. According to Chernetsky's

concept, the reason of this mode is well known

phenomenon of plasma instability and pinch-effect for

great currents. However, the author of this article

tested device, which demonstrated similar effect

(switching on the load in secondary circuit of

transformer and in the presence of arc in this circuit,

consumption power does not increase, but reduces)

for small currents about 300 mA.

Since for pinch-effect it is necessary hundreds Amperes

then it was offered another explanation: the surplus

power in this circuit appears due to the acceleration of

electrons in the gap between electrodes, i.e. particles

of plasma are accelerated by means of electric

potential field between two electrodes. It is noted

during the experiments that increase of the spark gap

produces more surplus power in the load of the

circuit. To avoid mistakes the measurements of the

consumed power were organized in DC (direct current)

battery circuit and therefore there is no any reason to

speak of phase shifts mistakes to try to explain

skeptically this effect.

... waves of density of time are used by

organisms for their vital activity.

Today theory and experiments on self-generating

discharge are quite well developed to build free energy

systems of any power scale. The reason of delay in its

practical development is a complex problem: this work

leaves the frames of classical physics. In his book

"About physical nature of bio-energy and its

simulation", Moscow, Publ. VZPI, 1989, Dr. Chernetsky

considered the structure of biological fields and bio-

energy processes in living organisms from the point of

longitudinal waves conception. Self-generating

discharge in the mode of negative resistance produces

such longitudinal waves and they are self-sustaining

(self-powered energetically) and it is considered as field

of living object.

24 New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

Really experimentators of the Chernetsky 's group, who

worked with SGD device detected influence of

biologically active radiations and fields, which can be

not screened by usual methods. It was reported by

Chernetsky that parameters of this radiation can be

selected to accelerate the development of plants and

biomass or to suppress it. So, we should speak about

artificial living biological system or biological form of

energy for this class of free energy devices. Perhaps

by the same plasma oscillation way all living organisms

provide its vital activity, since long time ago it was

known that metabolism and food can not provide

enough energy for vital processes.

Nikolay A. Kozyrev also wrote about "reason of life"

and he confirmed that waves of density of time are used

by organisms for their vital activity. Between "waves

of density of time" and "waves with longitudal

component" there is a clear analogy. Kozyrev and

Chernetsky experimentally demonstrated methods of

creation of such waves.

...any free energy system should change the

causality in surrounding space-time.

New Energy News magazine, March 1996, wrote

about attempts to innovate for American aerospace

stations special power source, which uses similar

plasma technology: anomalous electric discharge. The

USA patents #5416391 and #5449989 belong to Dr.

Paulo Correa and Dr. Alexandra Correa, Canada. In

their report on free energy Denver conference it was

claimed that efficiency is about 483% .

Let's note one more free energy topic: high efficient

electrolysis. Classical electrolysis as decomposition

of electrolyte in electric field is a wonderful example

of work, which is produced by field and it can be

organized by such a way to be free from the primary

energy source (battery). The traditional scheme uses

closed circuit of current through electrolyte and the

battery, so the battery is discharged during the

operation with electrolytic cell. However any physics

textbook confirms that ions in electrolyte are moving

due to electric field only, i.e. work to organize the

displacement of ions and heat power, which is

connected with this work, are produced by the

potential field and expenses of the primary power

are not required.

The current through the battery, which is created in

usual closed electric circuit destroys the primary

difference of potentials in the battery but it is not some

necessary condition. For correct organization of the

experiment the products of electrolysis (gases) can

be created almost free and their utilization (burning)

can provide more heat power than input electric

power.

Prof. Latchinov, the real member of Russian Physic-

Chemical Society, who patented his method of

electrolysis in 1888, mentioned that in some cases the

electrolytic cell is freezing during its operation. This

is an effect of the law of Conservation, which forces

to return the surplus power by means of heat

environmental energy. In the experiment by Latchinov

the electrolytic cell can create gases of high pressure

and consumed power is the same as for the case of

low pressure gases. However, it is clear that high

pressure gases can produce more work than low

pressure gases do. This question was sensational

problem in scientific societies of 1888 and it is not

solved yet completely.

One of other variants of high efficient electrolysis was

investigated by Igor Goriatchev, Russia. Instead of

usual 3 Volts level of electrolysis, Goriatchev uses

0.2 Volt pulsing mode. He claimed ratio output/input

as 1500% efficiency and he hopes to increase this value

twice in more perfect design.

Professor Kanarev from Krasnodar wrote about his

experiments on plasma electrolysis and has proved

that in electrolysis of water output power can be more

than input power.

Real example of "perpetuum mobile of the second

kind" is invention by Russian engineer Albert

Serogodsky (Moscow) and German engineer Bernard

Sheffer (Berlin). They have patented new system for

direct transformation of environmental heat into

electricity, Germany patent #4244016. Retro-

condensation of mixture of benzine and water is

organized in closed system under temperature of 154 0 C

degrees. You can try to get more info from: Werkstatt

fur Dezentrale Energleforschung, Pasewaldtstrasse 7,

14169 Berlin, Germany.

The fundamental theoretical researches on direct

transformation of environmental heat to useful

work were provided by Real Member of The

Russian Physical Society Mr. Gennady N. Buynov,

St.-Petersburg. The description of his project on

"The Mono-thermal device" was published in journal

"Russian Ideas" #2, 1992.

In 1995 the scientific journal of Russian Physical

Society #1-6 published article "Perpetuum mobile of

the second kind (paired gas-chemical cycle)". The

author Gennady N. Buynov proposed to consider that

entropy function can be abortive , i.e. it can be

undetermined in some place if reversible chemical

reactions are presented in the system.

Herewith, the circular integral of entropy is

not a zero and in this case the heat function

but not entropy function (according to the

Gess law) becomes the function of condition.

Buynov offers to use four–oxide of nitrogen as working

matter for this cycle. His works are excellent example

of scientific enthusiasm, which (in combination with

financial interest of the customers) could produce real

results for Russia many years ago. Let's note that

25

New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

priority of this discovery belongs to Russia in spite of

attempts of other scientists to claim and develop this

idea now as their own work.

We can make a very interesting conclusion if we

analyze history of so called "cold fusion" discovery.

According to de-classified materials of 1960, priorities

of Russia in this topic are obvious. In 1989 Pons and

Fleshman have reported about results of their

experiment. In 1995 Russian Journal "Inventor and

Rationalizator", #1 has published article about

invention made by Ivan S. Filimonenko that was

named in 1957 as "warm nuclear syntheses". In 1957

he detected extra power output in process of heavy

water electrolysis and he mentioned several applied

aspects, for example, propulsion force and possibility

to reduce radioactivity by means of this process. In

1960 Kurchatov, Korolev and Zhukov have supported

the ideas of the author. Russian Government adopted

secret resolution on this work:

1. Investigation of energy generation.

2. Development of propulsion without reactive mass

flow.

3. Research on protection from radioactivity.

But in next several years this work was suppressed

by people of nuclear power plant team. The only

system of such type named as TOPAZ was innovated

for Russian aerospace systems. World-wide

innovation of this technology is a real way to introduce

"warm reactors of syntheses" and it is not necessary

to wait for results of high-cost "Tokomak" project and

other thermonuclear researches. Let's note that

secondary effects (propulsion force and influence on

radioactivity) are possible due to using of "free

energy" aspect if output power is result of change of

space-time parameters.

In 1994 Journal "Russian Ideas", #1-6, it was

published an interesting document "Conclusion of The

Moscow City Council Commission on the question

about Ivan Filimonenko's discovery and its

development". In this document it was recognized

that it is vitally necessary to renew this works. But in

2003 we still have nothing new on this topic. Why? It

can be assumed that the Problem of innovation for

this technology is possible military application of the

methods since influence on radioactivity (for example,

remote reduction of radioactivity of some object) is

area of interests of the Defense Department. The fact

that energy generators by Filimonenko can be used

for quick restoration of the present ecological balance

is not so important in this case. The same conclusion

is about propulsion method, which was proposed by

Filimonenko. Mr. Korolev knew about this method;

however present space programs are still based on

rockets and reactive principles, and anti-gravity flying

machines we can see only in fantastic movies.

At the same time, development of commercial cold

fusion projects was started in some countries, for

example: Patterson Power Cell is introduced in Texas,

USA (Clean Energy Technologies Inc., Dallas, Texas,

fax 214-458-7690). More than thirty patents were

owned by ENECO Corporation, which is collecting the

main technological solutions in this area. The

production of electrolytic thermal cells was started by

Nova Resources Group., Inc., Colorado.

In August of 1995 Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd.

Company, which is member of The Planetary

Association for Clean Energy, has published the review

on modern methods of conversion of nucleus wastes

and deactivation. Two new technologies were offered

for introduction: contact processing by "Brown's gas"

and remote processing by scalar (torsion) fields. Let's

note that the technology proposed by Canadians and

Filimonenko's technology demonstrate the effect of

influence on the rates of radioactive decay.

These examples are only small part of real situation.

Main references on publications are foreign and it can

lead to wrong conclusion that Russia is delayed in this

direction of new technologies development. In fact,

Russia has more talented inventors and researchers

than any other country. However, condition for work,

patenting and publications of ideas are not the same,

and usually Russian technologies cannot reach the

level of international market. This problem depends

only on real and official state policy with respect to

inventors and scientists. In real life financial support

of scientific institutes is mainly subsidy for

management of the institutes, but not for science. The

inventions and discoveries always were made by a

certain real person, but not by Institute or some

scientific team.

In Russia of last age and in the other world on the

whole the institutes and laboratories have been

creating for a new scientific problems, discoveries

or new directions in science. It was necessary to

claim about discovery and provide priority for own

country to get official support. Main schools of

thought appear by this natural way. By the same

natural way the necessary in existing of some

scientific institute can be removed when the idea

grows up to serial production stage. If there are no

any fresh ideas in this school then the institute

should be transformed in design office of the

production plant on this topic. It is almost impossible

to create a new research institute in modern Russia,

so really new ideas (if they are not ranged in frames

of some existing scientific directions) can not be

developed and they can not create a new school of

thought in Russia.

... it is possible to make a conclusion about

grandiose misinformation of society...

People (carriers of the new ideas) have to leave

Russia to realize their sensational ideas on free

energy and antigravitation topics. Why they do not

work with Russian Academy of Sciences? It is the

26 New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

rhetorical question. Usually after many years of

correspondence with patent office or with official

science bodies the authors can find that their ideas

are published in "serious scientific magazines" but

without any respect to their names...

Attachment 1 presents some information about

patented technologies. When we study old and modern

patent documents, it is possible to make a conclusion

about grandiose misinformation of society , which

leads to appearance of two different Worlds, separated

by the level of knowledge: evident and hidden

knowledge. The achievements of the second hidden

world could change our planet, give a chance to remove

all energy and ecological problems. Besides, we have

discussed that some free energy systems (for example,

self generated plasma discharge) have also the

medical-biological aspects. This "influence" from free

energy system is related with negative entropy

processes in area of the operation of the system so some

components of biological systems can be changed to

less entropy. The design of free energy system defines

the type of this influence. It was noted before that

operation of any free energy system should be

considered in high topology space-time as

multidimensional system to see what the reason of the

effect is.

So, since the rate of time course is determined by

Nikolay A. Kozyrev as rate of cause-effect

transformations, then any free energy system should

change the causality in surrounding space-time. In this

case we can assume that it creates quantum physics

effects on the macro level. It is interesting to assume

Heisenberg's uncertainty, tunnel effect and

manifestation of wave characteristics (up to diffraction

of objects) for macro level.

Some experimental data by Kozyrev is related with

quantum effects, which were detected in his

experiments with rotating and vibrating gyroscopes.

This technology is the basis to design real teleportation

systems, which will change parameters of space-time

to allow changes of position of some material object

from one point of space to another point of space

(without transference on the distance between these

points) by means of combining these points in the same

place of space for some time.

The process of study of new technologies in alternative

power industry and gravitation is developing actively

in the world. Besides secret programs and institutes,

it is possible to make a conclusion that activity of this

work in countries of limited fuel resources is more

efficient. Now Russia has rich natural materials and

oil resources but in the short time this advantage

will not play any role in development of economy.

Industrial and defense power of any country

will depend on free energy technologies,

knowledge on the biologically active energy

and reactionless propulsion methods.

The new technology creates not only a new technical

systems but also new economical systems . It is not

physics but policy… Development of great Russian

territories with industry of free energy technologies for

home and commercial application is the way to change

world economical balance in favor of Russia. It is

difficult to say now what financial-economical group

of modern Russia is most interested in development of

this direction of science. The purpose of any financial-

economical group is power on the market of energy

resources, but when the free energy technologies are

developing, then people and industrial or agricultural

producers will be more independent from centralized

system of energy and oil distribution, therefore, they

will be more independent from influences of central

authorities.

From the point of view of serious business, there is only

one real argument in favor of developments of any really

new technology: it should lead to increase of profit and

expansion of the market. In this sense, it is possible to

compare the new energy technologies with beginning

of the steam machine age or with appearance of electric

machines and illumination. This means the super

profits and serious fight with competitors. To develop

this way any efforts of scientists are not sufficient work.

It is necessary to join them with the efforts of large

business structures, which are interested to create new

market of energy and power engineering in parallel to

present monopoly fuel-energy market or to develop

commercial exploration of space by means of new

propulsion principles. In particular, telecommunication

space satellites and projects on colonization of space

could be the nearest commercial directions of the new

market.

References

1. Sakharov A.D. "Quantum Fluctuations of Vacuum

in Curved Space and Theory of Gravitation", Reports

of Academy of Sciences USSR, vol. 12, 1968, page

1040.

2. Puthoff H.T., Ph. Review E, vol.48, num.2, p.1562-

1565, "Extracting energy and heart from the

vacuum"; Physical Review A, vol. 39, num. 5,

"Gravity as a zero-point-fluctuation force".

3. Nassikas A.A., The Hypothesis of the Unified

Field and the Principle of its Dual Interpretation, III

International Conference "Problems of Space, Time,

Gravitation", St.-P etersburg, 1994.

4. N.A. Kozyrev, Selected works, published by

Leningrad State University, 1991, p.202, in Russian.

5. Gravitobiology, by T.E. Bearden, 1991, Tesla

Book Company, P.O. Box 121873 Chula Vista, CA

91912, USA. Library of Congress Catalog Card

Number 86-50553.

6. Hasselberg Josef, New Beginning of

Thermodynamics, http://hasslberger.com,

Hasslberger, Josef "The inventor and society" in

Raum&Zeit #4, October 1989, Hasslberger, Josef

"Vortex, the natural movement" in EXPLORE, No.5,

Vol.3, 1992.

27

New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

7. Gustav Naan, Symmetrcial Universe, Tarty

Astronomical Observatory, Vol. XXXIV, 1964.

8. New Results of Development and Testing of

Single-Wire Electric Power System, Prof. Dmitry S.

Strebkov, Eng. Stanislav V. Avramenko, Dr. Aleksey

I. Nekrasov, Eng. Oleg A. Roschin, New Energy

Technologies, #5(8), 2002.

9. An Experimental investigation of the Physical

Effects In a Dynamic Magnetic System. V.V. Roschin

and S.M. Godin, New Energy Technologies, #1,

2001.

10. Practical application of time rate control theory.

Alexander V. Frolov, New Energy Technologies, #3,

2001.

Attachment 1

Methods and devices to create power without

external sources and reactionless motion systems

3913004 October 14, 1975, Method and equipment

to increase electric power, Robert Aleksander.

4975608 December 4, 1990, Motor with switchable

magnetic resistance, Harold Aspden.

5288336 Converters of heat into electricity, Harold

Aspden, see also patents 5,065,085 and 5,101,632

4622510 November 11, 1986, Parametric electric

machine, Ferdinand Kap.

2912244 1959, Gravitational System, Ottis Karr.

4006401 February 1, 1977, Electromagnetic

generator, V. Rivas

3811058, 3879622 Motors with permanent

magnets.

1835721 December 8, 1931, Motor with permanent

magnets, A. Povel.

1963213 June 19, 1934, Magnetic motor, G. Pose.

1859643 May 24, 1932, Motor with permanent

magnets, G.L. Worsington.

1859764 May 24, 1932, Magnetic device,

G. Baugon.

2982261 Mac Klintok's Air motor.

4595843 June 17, 1986, Transformer of rotation

magnetic flux, Robert Del Vechio.

4567407 January 28, 1986, Motor - alternator, John

Eklin.

3368141 January 6, 1968, Transformer in

combination with permanent magnets, K. Garon.

3890548 June 17, 1975, Motor with pulsing

capacitor discharge, Edwin Gray.

4595852 June 17, 1986, Electrostatic generator,

Robert Gandlach.

4831299 May 16, 1989, Homopolar generator of

alternating current, Enakishy Khasaka.

4249096 February 3, 1981, Electric dynamo,

Barbara Nikoks.

3610971 October 5, 1971, Electromotive generator

of electric field, Williams Couper.

4897592 January 30, 1990, System producing

power from energy of electrostatic field, Williams

Hyde.

4151431 April 24, 1979, Motor with permanent

magnets, Hovard Johnson.

4806834 February 21, 1989, Electric circuit of

inductive conductors, transformers and motors,

Erl Kening.

3374376 March 19, 1968, Electric generator,

Raymond Kromry.

3977191 August 31, 1976, Power source, Robert

Brett.

3670494, Method of converting of atomic energy

in kinetic energy.

4709323 November 24, 1987, Converter of parallel

resonance, Charles Lien.

5146395 September 8, 1992, Power source using

two accumulating circuits, Richard Mac Kee.

4210859 June 1, 1980, Inductive device with two

orthogonal windings, Paul Meretsky.

4500827 February 19, 1985, Linear electric

generator, Thomas Merit.

4904926 February 27, 1990, Electric generator of

magnetic motion, Mario Patsishinsky.

4945273 July 1990, High effective electric machine,

Josef Pinkertone.

4883977 November 28, 1989, Converter of magnetic

power, Dennis Regan.

4077001 Electromagnetic converter, Frank

Richardson.

5018180 May 21, 1991, Conversion of energy,

Kennet Shoulders.

4652771 March 24, 1987, Transformer, Theodore

Speach.

477 2816 September 20, 1988, Conversion of

energy, Jefry Spens.

4748311 May 31, 1988, Inverter, Fridrikh-Verner

Thomas.

International patent H02K 31/00, 39/00 dated June

24 1982, Closed part of unipolar machine, Adam

Trombly.

4687947 August 18, 1987, Electric circuit for

conserving of power, Melvin Kobb.

4772775 September 20, 1988, Generation of plasma

flux in electric arc, Sam Lich.

The USA patents 5416391 and 5449989, Paulo

Correa.

4432098 and 4429280, Transmission of information

by means of magnetic vector potential, Raynolds

Gelinas.

Great Britain, #547668, January 30 (September 7)

1942, Motor with permanent magnets, Stenly

Hichkok.

Great Britain, application # 2282708A, Motor with

permanent magnets, Robert Adams, Harold

Aspden.

4394230 USA patent, July 19, 1983, Henry K.

Pukharich.

2251775 Great Britain patent, April 20, 1994,

Thermoelectric conversion, Harold Aspden.

5288336 USA patent, Thermoelectric conversion,

Harold Aspden.

The USA patents on electrogravitation

1363037 Goddard, December 21, 1920;

2004352 Simon, June 11, 1935;

28 New Energy Technologies, Issue #2 March  April 2003

2210918 Karlovitz, August 13, 1940;

2588427 Stringfield, March 11, 1952;

2231877 Bennet, 18 February, 1941;

2279586 Bennet, 14 April, 1942;

2305500 Slayter, December 15, 1942.

English patent 300,311 August 15, 1927, Townsend

Braun.

French patent 1003484 November 1951,

Electrogravitation;

3187206 June 1, 1965, Electrokinetic equipment,

Townsend Brown.

3022430 February 20, 1962, Electrokinetic

generator, Townsend Brown.

3018394 January 23, 1962, Electrokinetic converter,

Townsend Brown.

2949550 August 16, 1960, Electrokinetic

equipment, Townsend Brown.

1974483 September 25, 1934, Electrostatic motor,

Townsend Brown.

Attachment 2

Organizations

· Faraday Lab Ltd, Lev Tolstoy Str. 7,

S t . Petersburg, 197376, Russia.

· The Russian Physics Society, 141002,

Moscow reg., Mytishy, B. Sharapovskaya str. 3.

Fax 095-2926511

· Academy for Future Sciences, P.O. Box FE, Los

Gatos, CA 95031, USA.

· AERI, Advanced Energy Research Institute, 14

Devonshire Mews West, London W1N 1Fp, Great

Britain.

· ADAS, Association of Distinguished American

Scientists, P.O. Box 1472, Huntsville, AL 35807, USA.

· Borderland Sciences Research Foundation,

P.O. Box 429, Garberville, CA 95440-0429, USA.

· Center for Action, P.O. Box 472, HCR 31, Sandy

Valley, NT 89019, USA.

· Electrodynamics Gravity, Inc., 35 W. Tallmadge

Ave., Akron, Ohio 44310, USA.

· Fusion Information Center, P.O. Box 58639, Salt

Lake City, Utah 84158-0369, USA

· Gravity Power Research Association, 36

Mountain Road, Burlington, MA 01803, USA.

· GRI, Group Research Institute, P.O. Box 438,

Nelson, New Zealand. Dr. Ashley Gray.

· High Energy Enterprises, P.O. Box 5636, Security,

CO 80931, USA. Fax 719-4750582.

· Institute for Advanced Studies at Austin, 4030

Braker Lane W., Suite 300, Austin, TX 78759, USA.

· INE, Institute for New Energy, 1304 South

College Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA.

· Integrity Institute, 1377 K Street, NW, Suite 16,

Washington DC, USA. Fax 202-543-3069.

· Orgone Biophysical Research Laboratory, Inc.,

P.O. Box 1395, E1 Cerrito, CA 94530, USA.

· Quantum Biology Research Laboratory, P.O. Box

60653, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA.

· SEA, Space Energy Association, P.O. Box 11422,

Clearwater, FL 34616, USA.

Raum&Zeit

EhlersVerlag GmbH,

Geltinger Str.14e,

82515 Wolfratshausen

Telephon: 08171/41 84-76,

Telefax: 08171/41 84-66

Internet:

http://www.raum-und-zeit.com

Institut fur Raum-Energie-

Forschung (IREF) i.m. Leonard

Euler

- Global Scaling Theory - Hydrogen-Helium

Energetic

- Gravitation theory - Information

technologies

- Mathematic Biology - Telecommunication

technologies

- Gravitation energetics - Transport

technologies

· Tesla Book Company, P.O. Box 121873, Chula

Vista, CA 91912, USA.

· Tesla Incorporated, 760 Prairie Av., Craig, CO

81625, USA. Fax 303-824-7864.

· Journal Explore, P.O. Box 1508, Mount Vernon,

Washington 98273, USA.

· Electric Spacecraft Journal, P.O. Box 18387,

Asheville, NC 28814, USA. Fax 704-683-3511.

· Nexus New Times Magazine, P.O. Box 30,

Maplepton Old, 4560, Australia. Fax 074-429381.

· Journal Cold Fusion Times, P.O. Box 81135,

Wellesley Hills MA 02181, USA.

· Journal Infinite Energy, P.O. Box 2816, Concord,

NH 03302-2816, USA.

· Journal 21st Century Science & Technology,

P.O. Box 16285, Washington, DC, 20041, USA.

· Journal Cold Fusion, 70b Route 202N,

Petersborough, NH 03458, USA.

· Brown's Gas International, 5063 Densmore Av.,

ENCINO, California 91436 USA.

· ENECO Inc., 391-B Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City,

Utah 84108, USA. Fax 801-5836245.

· "Robert Adams and Company" 46 Landing Road,

Whakatane, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Robert

Adams,

· Methernitha, 3517 Linden, Switzeland. Manager

Francis Bosshard.

· Swiss Association for Free Energy, P.O. Box 10,

5704, Egliswilli, Switzeland.

· Space Research Institute, Box 33, Uwajima,

Ehime 79, Japan. Dr. Shinichi Seike. Fax 895-24-7325.

· Nuclear Power Corporation, 581 400 Karnataka,

India. Project Director Dr. Paramahamsa Tewari.

· Cosmic Energy Foundation, Neptunuslaan 11,

3318 E1 Dordrecht, Netherlands. Dr. Martin

Holwerda

· Sabberton Research, P.O. Box 35, Southampton

S097BU, England, Dr. Harold Aspden.

· Labofex, Experimental and Applied Plasma

Physics, Ontario, Canada, Dr. Paulo N. Correa.

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.

• Athanassios Nassikas

The hypothesis of the unified field leads to the principle of its dual interpretation according to which "Any physical magnitude can be expressed, in a coordinate system of a Euclidean space, both as a spacetime and as a quantum magnitude". On the basis of this principle a particle field can be described through the whole of its extent with spacetime wave functions, and it is proved that the product of an eigenvalue of the energy of a particle field by the mean value of the volume which contains that energy is a constant. That constant is verified for the energy levels of a proton and for the rest energy of an electron.

• Daniel C. Cole
• Harold E. Puthoff

Relatively recent proposals have been made in the literature for extracting energy and heat from electromagnetic zero-point radiation via the use of the Casimir force. The basic thermodynamics involved in these proposals is analyzed and clarified here, with the conclusion that, yes, in principle, these proposals are correct. Technological considerations for actual application and use are not examined here, however.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number

• T E Gravitobiology
• Bearden

Gravitobiology, by T.E. Bearden, 1991, Tesla Book Company, P.O. Box 121873 Chula Vista, CA 91912, USA. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 86-50553.

• Hasselberg Josef

Hasselberg Josef, New Beginning of Thermodynamics, http://hasslberger.com, Hasslberger, Josef "The inventor and society" in Raum&Zeit #4, October 1989, Hasslberger, Josef "Vortex, the natural movement" in EXPLORE, No.5, Vol.3, 1992.

• Gustav Naan
• Symmetrcial Universe

Gustav Naan, Symmetrcial Universe, Tarty Astronomical Observatory, Vol. XXXIV, 1964.

• Eng Strebkov
• V Stanislav
• Avramenko
• Dr
• I Aleksey
• Nekrasov
• Oleg A Eng
• Roschin

Strebkov, Eng. Stanislav V. Avramenko, Dr. Aleksey I. Nekrasov, Eng. Oleg A. Roschin, New Energy Technologies, #5(8), 2002.

An Experimental investigation of the Physical Effects In a Dynamic Magnetic System

• V V Roschin
• S M Godin

An Experimental investigation of the Physical Effects In a Dynamic Magnetic System. V.V. Roschin and S.M. Godin, New Energy Technologies, #1, 2001.

• Alexander V Frolov

Alexander V. Frolov, New Energy Technologies, #3, 2001. Attachment 1

Motor with permanent magnets

• G L Worsington

June 19, 1934, Magnetic motor, G. Pose. 1859643 May 24, 1932, Motor with permanent magnets, G.L. Worsington. 1859764 May 24, 1932, Magnetic device, G. Baugon.

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Source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344206176_Free_energy